Free Essays on Personality.

, individuals might be portrayed as far as probability of their carrying on, feeling, or thinking with a certain goal in mind. For instance, the probability of their acting active and benevolent or feeling anxious and stressed. Quality is an essential unit of character and is organic premise. Human conduct and character can be sorted out into a chain of command that is appeared in progress of Hans Eysenck. The idea of quality expect that conduct follow a few examples, consistency additional time and across circumstances. Characteristic way to deal with comprehend personalit... Free Essays on Personality. Free Essays on Personality. There are four unique ways to deal with get character. They are psychoanalytic and pschodynamic, phenomenological, learning and quality methodologies. This paper focuses on the attribute approach. Character speculations The working meaning of character implies normal for the individual that represent steady examples of feeling, thinking, and acting. Notwithstanding, for the characteristic scholars, their definitions are very remarkable. Gordon Allport states that the most significant structures of character are those that license the portrayal of the individual as far as individual qualities. In this way, the fundamental unit of character is close to home demeanors, which he called  ¡Ã¢ ¥trait⠡â ¦ and his character was used the idea of individual miens. Raymond B. Cattell characterized character as  ¡Ã¢ ¥that which allows an expectation of what an individual will do in a given situations⠡â ¦. This expectation can be estimated and portrayed by the source qualities. Hans J. Eysenck expresses that conduct can be considered regarding explicit reactions that some of them are connected together and structure increasingly broad propensities. Gatherings of propensities happen together to frame characteristics. He characterized characteristics as  ¡Ã¢ ¥important semi-changeless character disposition⠡â ¦ (1981,p.3). Idea of attribute hypothesis The fundamental supposition of the quality perspective is that individuals have expansive inclination, called characteristics, to react specifically ways. All together words, individuals might be depicted as far as probability of their carrying on, feeling, or thinking with a specific goal in mind. For instance, the probability of their acting active and benevolent or feeling anxious and stressed. Quality is a fundamental unit of character and is natural premise. Human conduct and character can be sorted out into a chain of importance that is appeared in progress of Hans Eysenck. The idea of attribute accept that conduct follow a few examples, consistency extra time and across circumstances. Attribute way to deal with comprehend personalit...

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example g to the expanding essentialness of innovation in the day by day lives of humankind, numerous individuals share their own data on the web which can now and again demonstrate perilous because of web programmers who can abuse the information because of improper practices. Obscurity assists with keeping up the mystery of individual’s personality. This additionally assists with securing explicit activities performed by the people. For example, secrecy helps ensuring reserves and money related exchanges made by individual over web. It has regularly been seen that individuals feel awkward to share banking or individual data on the web as it would hamper their own advantages. Secrecy is regularly viewed as the alternative which can be valuable in such circumstances as it makes a conviction that all is good and assists with ensuring protection by an enormous degree. There are many negative impacts of obscurity on people also. To be delineated secrecy additionally helps individuals who have malevolent aims to hamper the interests of different clients and break without being recognized. It additionally makes distortion about the user’s profile on web. In the ongoing wonder, the most clear negative impact of secrecy can be recognized as digital w rongdoing. Consequently, as it tends to be seen from the above conversation, to a limited degree, the negative effects of namelessness will in general be more grounded and more viable than its advantages, which thusly exceed its focal points. Question: 2 Are non-proficient web clients at a higher hazard for encountering wholesale fraud? Clarify explicitly how end-client following and recording advancements may either increment or lessen digital security dangers for non-educated clients when utilizing the web, or when shopping at a physical foundation The non-educated web clients have a high hazard in view of the expanding digital wrongdoing, as they will in general offer individual data without having legitimate information on the site. On occasion, the data of those non-proficient clients is hacked by the digital

How to Wish Your Coworker a Happy Retirement

How to Wish Your Coworker a Happy Retirement Retirement is an important moment in anyones life.After decades of working hard and building a career, they can now take a deep breath and admire what has been achieved.Its also a season of deep reflection and ample time for the retiree, allowing him/her to do the things they love doing and have always wanted to.However, retirement is also a very uncertain period for most people, as a study by GoBankingRates showed that more than half of Americans have no more than $10000 saved for retirement. Whats more? 1 in 3 Americans have no savings at all. Source: Money.comHow scary is that?This makes it such a sensitive chapter of anyones life and knowing the right things to say when wishing a coworker happy retirement can further motivate them.Most often, a retirement is received with mixed feelings and it can be hard to find the right choice of words to use when wishing your colleague a happy retirement.You can wish your colleague a happy retirement in some ways such as throwing a retirement party for them, buying them gifts or sending them a retirement card.The most common way most you can use to wish your coworker a happy retirement is by giving them a retirement card.HOW TO WRITE A RETIREMENT CARDA retirement card is very easy to write but choosing the right words can be a bit dicey. Source: CrossCardsMost often one can get confused about what to write in the card because there are numerous things you want to write all at once.There is a tendency to start writing a card with a specific intention but the end result reads different from what you intended to pass across.Say for example, your colleague is retiring and he was the best coworker you had, you may intend to write about his awesome qualities and how you enjoyed working with him.But you could get confused while writing and then end up talking about how he has a great dress sense and a good sense of humor.To avoid such confusion it is important to separate the different possible contents of a retirement card into categories.Once you pick a category, your message to the person will revolve around it. For the purpose of this article, below are some of the categories you can pick from.MemoriesImpact/InfluenceQualities/CharacteristicsRetirement FreedomFuture PlansRETIREMENT CARD CATEGORIES1. MemoriesUnder this c ategory, your message will focus on the fun memories you share with a coworker.Talk about your favorite memory of them and to add humor to it, make mention of an inside joke that two of you share.Talking about your favorite memories of the person in the retirement card takes him down memory lane and makes him think of how the time he spent in the organization was worth it.It also endears them to you and warms up their heart knowing that you treasure them well enough to store a memory of them in your heart.This is a sign to them that you wont forget them in a hurry and their years of laboring wont be easily forgotten. It gives them an assurance that they are irreplaceable.For people that are scared of retirement because of the uncertainty of the future that lies ahead, sharing the fun memories they created will help to ease the tension they feel.The beautiful thing about writing a retirement note that revolves around favorite memories is that whenever the person picks up the note, be it after a few days, months or years, their heart gets warm and they will definitely smile.When writing a note on memories, make sure it is a memory that is pleasant to the receiver of the note.Dont write about embarrassing moments or awkward moments that left the person feeling bad.The aim of writing a note is to make your colleague feel loved and valued, you dont want to ruin that by bringing memories that leave a bitter taste in their mouth.If the memory is so funny, ensure that the receiver of the note also thinks it is funny.If there are people that were a part of the memory that are already dead or fell out with the receiver of the note, try not to talk about such memories so that you dont end up sending the wrong signal and trigger a wrong emotion in the receiver.You can only write about such memories if your coworker considers it to be extremely funny or is indifferent about the negative part of it.Below are samples of what you can write on, when focusing on the memories yo u created with your fellow employee, during the time you spent working with him/her.“Hey, do you remember when we got so bored at work and needed some humor and we took out the lavatory sign on the door of the bosss office and that old lady went in? Ill definitely miss having my partner in crime around.”“Remember when you pulled a prank on me and said the boss needed to see me urgently and I ran into his office without knocking. The clueless look he had on his face when he saw me was the funniest thing I’ve ever seen in my entire life. Thank you for giving me a lot to laugh about, Ill miss those moments.” “I know you wont forget the day we had a last minute preparation for a presentation and we goofed. You introduced yourself as me and I introduced myself as you. So glad everyone in the room laughed along.” “I wont forget our first fishing trip together. You caught the biggest fish, twenty years down the line; I still havent beaten your record.” “Remember the fir st time we went camping with our families together in the woods and we pulled a prank on the children. I havent laughed as much as I did on that day.” “I remember when you taught me how to enter my data into the companys database easily. That singular lesson improved my efficiency at work thank you for that day and many more.”Basically, the whole idea is to bring back memories. You dont necessarily have to tell the entire story; just a short summary of the event will make the memories flood right back.2. Impact/InfluenceThis category focuses on the ways your coworker influenced you.Talk about the impact they made on your life and in the organization.Focus on the positive marks they made in your life.When wishing someone a happy retirement it isn’t the right time to remind them of how they hurt you or did wrong things to you.No one is without fault and it is most likely that in the course of time you spent working together, your colleague must have stepped on your toes once o r twice.Look beyond their shortcomings and identify the positive influence or impact they made in your life.The impact or influence could be a word of encouragement that was given when you were at a very low point, it could be support (financial or emotional) that they gave you when you desperately needed it.It could also be the helping hand they lent you when you needed help or can also be the inspiration you derived from observing their work ethics and approach to work.Maybe having them around brought out the best in you or pushed you to identify hidden potentials that you never knew you had.Think of all the times they were there for you and the influence they had on you. Pick out your favorite from any of those moments and write about it in the retirement note.Let them know that despite the fact that the time has come for them to go, the legacy they left behind wont be easily forgotten.For example, Mr. John is your coworker that’s retiring. When you were newly employed, Mr. Joh n went out of his way to show you how things are done.In the office and coached you, making sure you had no difficulty settling in and as a result of the help he gave you, you became very productive at work and constantly got commended by your boss.In the retirement note you are sending to Mr. John, remind him of all that and you could say something like:You were an excellent coach and my go-to person in the office, I promise to keep on your legacy by investing the same time and energy you invested in me in the new staff that come to the office just like you did.If he was always excited and got his work done in a very cheerful way, you could write something like this on the noteI used to think work was so boring until I saw how happy and enthusiastic you were about getting your job done, observing you happy and boisterous disposition to work made me discover the fun in the work.Thank you for showing me that i can work and have fun at the same time.Below are further examples of what to write in a retirement note when talking about the impact and the influence of a coworker in your life.“Thanks for always listening to me and giving me constructive advice and criticism. Your constructive criticism pushed me to learn more and to be the better person that I am now. Ill definitely miss having you around. You have been my source of inspiration since I got into this company, you are one colleague I aspire to be like, your life is full of so much inspiration and Im glad to have been inspired by you. Happy retirement my muse. You are an irreplaceable part of the staff; I wonder how we will get work done here efficiently now that you are leaving us. Get ready to receive loads of calls from Terry and me to ask you how to do this and that. We will definitely miss you.You are such an important part of this company and its weird to imagine the company without you. Every corner of this company has a touch of your amazing influence. We miss you already.”You are such an inc redible person, Im pretty sure heaven no longer makes your kind, the vacuum your retirement is leaving in this office is one that no one can easily fill. I miss you so much already.The brain box of our team is finally leaving us and we are feeling all kinds of emotions right now. Every Eureka moment we had was as a result of your genius ideas. We wish you wont go but we feel it is time you give that smart brain of yours a little rest. Enjoy your retirement team-mate, we love you.You taught me not to ever bow my head in defeat no matter the circumstances. May your strength and courage pave the way for you as you enter a new phase of life.I was able to grow in this competitive work environment because of your encouragement and guidance. Thank you for being a strong shoulder to lean on. May the days ahead be bright and beautiful for you. Lots of love.When writing about the impact of the person on your life be it directly or indirectly, make sure you do not over exaggerate.Stay as simpl e and as truthful as possible. No matter how simple the impact may look it is better to keep it simple but truthful than colorful and untrue.3. Qualities/CharacteristicsIf you choose to talk about the character and qualities of the person, it’s advisable that you dwell on the qualities that were relevant and useful in the workplace.Dont talk about the character or qualities that are of no relevance in the workplace since you are giving him the retirement card as a colleague and not as a friend.For example, if he is good at playing soccer and you work in the health sector, dont start talking about how he is so good on the soccer field and how he inspires you to be a player, no thats off point.Instead, talk about how he is good with patients and how he makes them feel relaxed or any other work-related quality he has that makes him an asset in the workplace.Most often than not, people are remembered for their character and qualities. Even if the person wasnt so close to you, you can still see the qualities he has from afar.You dont need to be cordial with a person before you can write about their attribute and qualities in the workplace.Talk about the beautiful trait they have and how it has positively influenced their career, their colleagues and the organization or company.Qualities or characteristics you can talk about here can be their dedication to work, punctuality, diligence, honesty, jovial nature, and great customer relation skill etc.While mentioning the qualities, you can also talk about how the qualities improved the work environment or influenced you positively.Below are some example notes you could write if you are focusing on the qualities of your retiring colleague.You have a heart of gold you see the good in others even when they are unaware of it and you bring out the best of everyone around you. I wish you the best in life.Your excellent problem-solving skill made us wiggle out of many problematic situations at work. Thank you for making sure that I never got into trouble Ill miss having you around.Thank you for brightening our days at work with your melodious laughter and your warm jokes. You were our therapy for anxiety. May the days ahead be very bright and melodious like your contagious laughter.Thanks for filling the office with your positive energy and being optimistic even when the rest of us were pessimistic. Your energy was what kept us going when we were at our wits end. We love you and will miss your positive vibes. Our early bird is finally migrating. I didnt know it was possible to be consistent at one thing for more than thirty years without failing. For the past thirty years; there was never a day you came in late. Wow. I learnt how to be punctual because of your punctuality. Happy retirement Mr. Punctual.Your special charm was all we needed when we were faced with a grumpy and hard to please client, your customer care skill is second to none in the entire universe. We already miss you, happy retirement.â € The aim of writing about the qualities or characteristics of your coworker is to make him realize that you appreciate his character and that he was an asset to the organization.Whenever he sees your card, he will definitely have a smile on his face because he is convinced that he didn’t spend those years working for nothing.Knowing that he is remembered for good will make him feel he spent his years well.4. Retirement FreedomYou can choose to do something a little bit different from the regular talk about memories and qualities and write about the freedom that comes with retirement.As stated earlier, some people feel tense when the time for retirement comes because they cant seem to think of how they will cope with a new phase after years of doing the same thing every day.For some, it may appear weird that they now have to stay at home on Monday when everyone else is hurrying off to work or perhaps they have no meaningful pension plan or retirement savings as studies have shown 15% of Americans have no financial plan for retirement. Source: StatistaYou can help them ease that tension by talking about the fun of being retired.While writing a note in this category ensures that you sound funny, dont be too serious.Your aim is to get your colleague to look at retirement from the bright side and not to dampen his mood by talking of how he is so going to die of boredom at home or how he will have a hard time adjusting to the new life.Thats insensitive and inappropriate, you wouldnt want someone to write that in a card and give you when you are retiring.Rather talk about the exciting life that awaits him and how he can make every single day count by having fun.Make him realize that he has paid his dues and it is now time to sit back and enjoy the dividends of his years of labor.Below are examples of what you can write in the card you will present to your coworker.Congratulations on your promotion to the level of retirement, you now have unlimited access to all the fun you deserve. Based on your promotion to the level o f a retiree, your new responsibilities are the maximum investment in relaxation and happiness returns. Happy retirement buddy.“Congratulations on becoming your own boss, you now get to decide when you want to leave the house and how many hours your lunch break should be. Enjoy your freedom. Hurray, you have been upgraded from salary level to pension level, a level where you automatically reap the fruit of your years of labor. Enjoy your new level. Happy retirement.I wish I were you right now, no more long boring stressful hours at work and jumping out of bed when the alarm rings. Enjoy your freedom. “You can now put the same level of effort you put into work, into enjoying yourself, your new annual goal is to have so much fun until it feels illegal. Congratulations on a well-deserved retirement”The examples above are just samples to guide you; you can talk about other stressful things that they will no longer have to face and how retirement is a luxury you long for one day.Mak e them feel so good about finally going to rest after years of hard-work.5. Future PlansThis is almost similar to the previous category of retirement freedom that we talked about but it is a bit different.In the former category, all you get to talk about is how lucky he is to be finally free from the stress of work and how he now has the freedom to do whatever he wants to do.But this category focuses on helping the person keep his dreams and visions alive.There are a lot of people that have dreams about what their life after retirement will be but when the reality of retirement dawns on them, they tend to lose focus and become a bit confused.Most often when someone is unsure of his next move, he becomes a little bit tensed.If you notice your coworker doesnt look excited about retirement like he was initially, then it could be a sign that he doesnt know what to do or how to go about the plans he has made.If you have a colleague in this type of situation, you can help by giving him a card that talks about the dreams and visions he had and encourage him to pursue them.For example, based on a GoBankingRates survey that found women are less likely to have sufficient retirement savings, your female coworker who has always talked about how she wants to start a book club for women when she retires from work, could be scared due to lack of savings. Source: MoneyHence, you can write a note that encourages her and says:Happy retirement girl the time has come to finally actualize your dream of having a book club, count me in as your first member, I look forward to the first meeting.”Not only did you wish her a happy retirement, but you also reminded her of what she has in mind to do with the new spare time she has and you also show her support by saying you are signing up as the first member of her book club.Below are staples of notes you can write in the retirement card for your colleague depending on the plans they have for the future.For a coworker that loves nature and adventure and has looked forward to going on a vacation, you can write a note that says:The era of adventure has finally arrived, you can now travel around the world and explore different continents and have the fun of your life. Happy retirement. Or you can write a note that saysAdventure time is finally here. Get ready for a rollercoaster of enjoyment as you take in the beautiful nature of the continents of the earth. Happy retirement explorer.”“You can now go skydiving, zip lining, and kayaking where ever you want too, the great thing is you can be away for as long as you want without running back to work. Happy retirement free bird.For a colleague that wants to start a business after retirement you can write:“You have been promoted from the level of an employee to a boss. I have no doubt that you will succeed at whatever business you choose to do.”“New boss alert, you are now your own boss. Happy retirement.”If your kind of work is time-consuming and barely gave you enough time for family and if your coworker is a family oriented and has dreamt of spending more time with his family, you can write:“You can now spend all the days of the week with your family without having to worry about being fired. You now get paid to have fun with your family. Happy retirement.”“Family vacation can now be planned at will and at wha tever period of the year, you no longer have to wait for approval to spend quality time with your family.“It’s time to settle all the arrears of the family time you have been wishing for all these years. Have fun until it begins to feel like a crime. Happy retirement.”You can also talk about the plans that the two of you made and how he now has the privilege of going through with the plans without any barrier.While writing the note ensure that it sounds Interesting and it triggers excitement, dont make it plain and boring.The future may be uncertain but if it is properly planned it can be exciting and colorful, that is what you should make him realize in the note.No matter what category you choose to write, ensure that the tone of the write up is a happy one.Wish him the best, dont dampen his mood by sounding sad or make it look like he is going to a place where you wont be able to reach him again.Make him realize that the fact that he is leaving the workplace doesnt mean that you are erasing him from your life.If you have just a formal relationship with the colleague, you can keep the note formal but still happy.While writing the note dont make the mistake of making it look as if you are happy to see them leave, make sure you dont pass across a good riddance to bad nonsense message, it’s better not to write a note at all than to write one that will make the person feel like a burden or not wanted.CONCLUSIONYou may still see your colleague after He or she retires especially if they reside in the same area or city with you, but if they’re relocating out of the environment, there is every possibility that your paths may never cross again.Whatever may be the case, make sure you leave a good final impression.Let them leave with a good last memory of you and the best way you can ensure that is by wishing them a happy retirement in a good retirement card filled with a heart-warming note.

Analysis Of The Cask Of The Amontillado By Edgar Allan...

Analysis of â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† A grudge towards someone is really hard to overcome sometimes especially towards someone that you really trusted, but the results very at times. The grudge towards someone goes away at some point. The pain or betrayal that may have been received may not always be forgotten but forgiven instead. Edgar Allan Poe describes this in the short story â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado.† The short story is about a cold and ruthless killer who is wanting to commit crime. Through characters and the them, Poe tells the story of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† in being a revenge story. The man is wanting to kill someone that was close to him because he felt betrayed by the person that knew the nature of his soul which threatened him. Montresor feels the need to question Fortunato for the betrayal he has considered. Fortunato continues to insist that he does not believe he has given Montresor a reason for him to think that Fortunato has betrayed him. As they walk through the underground graveyard Montresor continues to question Fortunato. He also starts thinking to himself and tells us how he is planning on the murder of Fortunato. The short story starts by Montresor telling us how he felt about Fortunato. He tries to talk things out and trying to find an answer of why he was betrayed but it never came to him. He wondered why the person that knew his soul would betray him. The narrator tries to put Fortunato in a dark image because of the way thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe907 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† published in 1846, author Edgar Allan Poe writes about the revengeful plan composed by Montresor in which resulted in the passing of Fortunato. First, Poe describes the level of despise that Montresor has for Fortunate which was the ignition for Montresor’s revengeful and murderous plan. Next, Poe describes Montresor’s deceitful ways in which result in the lowering of Fortunate into the catacombs, where MontresorRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1358 Words   |  6 Pagesto be? And how can you tell this, before someone gets hurt? In The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato starts to view the speaker as a friend, and then he was tricked and killed, just so that the speaker could get his revenge on him. Likewise, in Porphyria’s Lover by Robert Browning, the girl was killed by the guy that she loved, because he wanted her to stay loving him forever, and he wante d the moment to last. Poe and Browning, use the devices Characterization, Conflict, and IronyRead MoreA Psychoanalytical Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1758 Words   |  8 PagesA Psychoanalytical Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe s Use of Characterization in The Cask of Amontillado and The Tell-Tale Heart The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water. -From Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud s topography model of the mind explains that a person s psyche has three levels of consciousness: 1.) the conscious, which holds what a person is aware of; 2.) the preconscious, which stores thoughts and information; and 3.) the unconscious, which warehousesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 945 Words   |  4 Pagestrust, but do we truly know anyone in the way we think? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, a man named Fortunato is about to find out what kind of ‘friend’ Montresor really is. Montresor shows himself to be friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. In different ways, both of these men are proud and appear upper class, yet both have faults which will be there undoing. Edgar Allan Poe uses language in a way which provides an understanding of theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Cask Of Amontillado 873 Words   |  4 Pagesfiguratively repres ents or stands for something else (Mays, A12). In the short story Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe uses symbolism to establish the true meaning of revenge behind this story. In short, this story is based upon an act of revenge carried out by Montresor over Fortunato. Montresor lures Fortunato into â€Å"the catacombs of the Montresors† where he carries out his plan of revenge by ultimately killing Fortunato (Poe, 109). The incorporation of precise decisions on the title, the characters namesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1912 Words   |  8 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an American author whose writing style, full of mysteries and macabre, has fascinated generations. However, his works are more than just thrillers and morbidities. The writings of this author often contain other themes such as companionship, family bonds, longing passion, and perhaps the strongest of these is revenge. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"Hop-Frog; o r, The Eight Chained Ourang-Outangs† are two short stories that certainly demonstrate a recurring theme of revenge. PoeRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1200 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Life of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe has become America’s first literary star. His tales or short stories are popular all over the world! Poe lived an unhappy life, when people came in contact with this â€Å"saddest strangest figure in American literary history† they were aware of some of his qualities (Fagin 1). Edgar Allan’s has a complex personality. Poe excelled at creating Gothic and Horror stories. Poe works with realism in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† (Buranelli 19). Poe writes about himselfRead MoreHumorous Analysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe977 Words   |  4 Pagesin â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most recognized and praised fiction writers in world literature. Not only does he masterfully create the atmosphere of suspense and danger in his short stories, he also builds up a sophisticated blend of horror and elegant irony that haunts the reader and reveals the complexity of Poe’s literary talent. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a perfect example of such combination. In this twisted short story of revenge, Poe puts anRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1018 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature. In order to accomplish this goal, the poet Edgar Allan Poe was rebellious and personal in his writing; and this explains the extraordinary creativity found throughout his work. Edgar Allan Poe had a unique and dark form writing style the mysterious style of writing showed emotion and drama. He used the themes of Gothic, death of the women he loved, and good vs. evil. These forms of writing styles are shown in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"The Raven†, and â€Å"Tell Tale Heart.† It demonstratesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance of Edgar Allan Poe s style of writing, which commands the use of both death and love most frequently throughout his works, are what really made his literary works become so well known. The nature of death and on questions about the afterlife is usually Poe’s main focus in most of his literary works. A woman who has died at the height of her youth and beauty, leaving a lover behind to mourn. Death and Love, these two main themes are discussed throughout Edgar Allan Poe s literary work

Essay on Oral Language Development - 2897 Words

Oral Language Development Children develop oral language at a very early age. Almost every sound a human being makes can be considered communication. As children grow up, they are constantly observing and practicing communication and oral language. What they know about oral language has an effect on the development of their literacy skills. â€Å"Students who had difficulty with early speech communication skills were believed to be at risk for reading†¦and consequently writing† (Montgomery, 1998). Therefore, the development of oral language has an effect on the ways in which emergent readers develop literacy. Transcribed dialog taken from a personal interview with a 3-year-old girl named Gianna will be referred to in this paper.†¦show more content†¦al., 1998, p. 536). There are different stages in language development, and each stage is made up of many different components. In the One-Word stage of language development, children develop naming skills. Naming is â€Å"a development of early childhood in which the child begins pointing out objects and calling them by name. It is considered a special development because it appears to be intrinsically reinforcing and satisfying to humans and seems to occur only in our species† (Dworetzky, 1996, p. 236). Gianna displays the naming skills by pointing to the dog and calling him â€Å"Simon.† She also correctly names pictures in the coloring book, such as a â€Å"rocket† and â€Å"Winnie da Pooh† (DiNobile, 1998). Naming skills are very similar to logographic knowledge. This can be applied to emergent readers. For example, a child may not know how to read the word â€Å"McDonald’s†, but she may be able to recognize the sign on a highway. â€Å"Children see written language all around them – in books, supermarkets, department stores, fast-food restaurants, and on television, signs, and a variety of printed materials from the TV listings to label on household products. Print is everywhere† (Vacca et. al, 1995, p.73). Children are able to â€Å"read† these familiar words even though they have not yet learned the fundamentals of reading. Phones or phonemes are the â€Å"smallest units of speech.† These units have meanings although they are not complete wordsShow MoreRelatedOral Language Development2978 Words   |  12 Pagesdevelop oral language at a very early age. Almost every sound a human being makes can be considered communication. As children grow up, they are constantly observing and practicing communication and oral language. What they know about oral language has an effect on the development of their literacy skills. Students who had difficulty with early speech communication skills were believed to be at risk for readingÂ…and consequently writing (Montgomery, 1998). Therefore, the development of oral languageRead MoreOral Language and Child Development1498 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundational aspect of all children’s learning is oral language. Communication orally entails the ability to include four components of spoken language to incorporate, and build on, a child’s vocabu lary and grammar. These four elements consist of the phonological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic components. Development of a child’s language skills should form together resulting in literacy success later in life. In order to master the teaching of oral language, three strategies are used. These includeRead MoreOral Language And Development : Developing Language Through Nature And Nurture Theories Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesSarah Przybylo Oral Language and Development Developing Language Through Nature and Nurture Theories Language development is much more complex than one would think. Not only are there strategies and factors behind developing one’s native language, but there are also theories set in place to guide the steps of building language. On the other hand, nurture inspired theories (also know as empiricist) are based of factors in the environment. This means that people believe nurture theories are basedRead MoreELT task 3 Essay examples955 Words   |  4 Pagesincorporate in any lesson. Therefore, summarizing a presentation during and after listening will help any student increase their chances of remembering important information. B. Create an activity that is meant to develop a specific listening or oral communication skill. In order to develop a specific listening skill such as hearing main ideas, teachers can instruct student to write the main ideas of the lesson presentation. The teacher can encourage the class to read aloud their main ideas.Read MoreEffective Communications Oral Language2441 Words   |  10 PagesEFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS AND ORAL LANGUAGE Oral language is the greatest use of language and is the basis of communication - in fact it is the basis of literacy. 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Are Clinical Psychologists Simply Expensive Therapists Free Essays

string(119) " very closely with doctors and psychiatrists in order to say what medications should be prescribed to help the person\." Are Clinical Psychologists simply expensive therapists? Discuss. Clinical Psychology is a combination of science, knowledge and theories which together formulate a scientific approach which enables a clinical psychologist to ask questions about the human experience and life and how these experiences affect people in order to treat them (Plante, 2010). The services of clinical psychologists and therapists are required when individuals are suffering with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship and marital issues and deeper mental health issues which alter and have a negative effect on psychological well-being (Hunsley Lee, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Are Clinical Psychologists Simply Expensive Therapists? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mental health statistics show that one in four people will experience a mental health problem at some course in a year with anxiety and depression being the most common in the UK so it is therefore no wonder that waiting lists for therapists and clinical psychologists are very long (Foundation, 2011). There are many debates as to whether clinical psychologists are simply expensive therapists because it has been argued that therapists and clinical psychologists offer very similar treatments, both of which are successful but with the only different being the price. This essay will investigate and aim to answer the question as to whether clinical psychologists are simply expensive therapists. This essay will look at what clinical psychologists do and who they work with and also what therapists do. It will focus on key differences between the two and the reasons why clinical psychology is more expensive and whether this cost is justified. What do Clinical Psychologists do? Clinical psychologists as with many psychologists aim to reduce, prevent and alleviate psychological distress and dysfunction in order to promote psychological well-being and to improve people’s lives. Clinical psychologists can work with a number of people across the lifespan including those suffering from anxiety problems, depression learning disabilities and also deeper routed mental illnesses. They can work with very young children suffering with emotional or physical trauma or the elderly coming to terms with a terminal illness. They diagnose these illnesses or disorders that people are suffering with and decide on the best course of treatment. They then work alongside a medical team of Doctors so that the Doctors can then prescribe the treatment and medication that a clinical psychologist recommends (BPS, 2011). Due to the vast amount of knowledge that Clinical Psychologists have from years and years of training, they are able to carry out research which can be very important to science and change the way we view and treat certain illnesses or disorders (Allpsychologyschools, 2011). What do therapists do? Therapists also aim to reduce psychological distress and increase wellbeing. The term therapist is a very broad term for trained people to offer treatment in order to help people feel better. As with clinical psychologists they help people to make decisions and problem solve by offering support, guidance and clarification (Allpsychologyschools, 2011). There are many different types of therapists and they tend to work with adults with those suffering with marital and relationships problems and life problems in general (recomparison, 2011). Examples of different therapies available are; behavioural therapies which look at thought processes and behaviours, Psychodynamic therapies which investigate the unconscious and link current behaviour to traumas and events during childhood and humanistic therapies which look at the person in the current situation and how they can develop (Counsellingdirectory, 2011). Similarities and differences between clinical psychologists and therapists. From the above examples of what clinical psychologists and therapists do it is clear to see that they are very similar. In fact many people believe the terms clinical psychologist and therapist are interchangeable and therefore this essay will now look at how they are different and answer the question of whether clinical psychologists are simply expensive therapists (Tarren, 2010). One difference between clinical psychologists and therapists is the academic qualifications and training they have undergone. Clinical psychologists have a very advanced degree, usually having studied at undergraduate level, master’s level and then PhD or Doctorate level. This therefore means they have a very deep knowledge and understand of the human mind and ways to help treat people. The training they undergo enables them to function as scientist practitioners in the NHS focusing on evidence based practises unlike therapists which focus on theory based practices. Also, Therapists only have only a general degree or in some disciples no degree at all (Allpsychologyschools, 2011). It could therefore be said that clinical psychologists ought to be more expensive as they are more advanced than the typical therapist, they are able to contribute their knowledge and understanding at a number of different levels within the healthcare system such as schools and organizations and they also contribute to a variety of roles within the healthcare system such as assessments, consultancy, intervention and treatment. However it has been suggested that clinical psychologist are vastly over priced to the point that people cannot afford to pay for their services and now many services within the NHS are looking for opportunities to create therapy posts which will employ people from other professions who have the correct post-graduate training therefore causing implications for clinical psychologist places within the NHS. The fact that many people cannot afford clinical psychologists and see them as too expensive in the current climate gives people a reason to seek therapy and help from elsewhere and therefore using therapists. Even when the economic climate returns to the way it was, people may still avoid using expensive clinical psychologists because using therapists and alternate therapies would have been a norm for quite a while and clinical psychologists may no longer seem a necessity. To avoid this there needs to be an increase global emphasis on the importance of clinical psychologists and the unique skills and advantages that clinical psychologists supposedly have over other therapists to make them more expensive (Smith, 2006). Clinical psychologists are able to diagnose problems and why people feel certain ways, they are trained on how the mind works and therefore work very closely with doctors and psychiatrists in order to say what medications should be prescribed to help the person. You read "Are Clinical Psychologists Simply Expensive Therapists?" in category "Essay examples" They can then refer the individual for treatment or therapy with a different person (multidisciplinary). Therapists on the other hand don’t tell the individual what the problem is but rather they listen and help the individual themselves discover why they feel the way they do. They are not as advanced on how the mind works but they are trained on the techniques involved in providing therapy. These are usually called ‘talking therapies’ and are promoted in the NHS (Talking Therapies, 2011). Due to the popularity of ‘talking therapies’ within the NHS, NICE believe that 10,000 ore therapists are needed, 5,000 of which should be clinical psychologists but their training should become more based on therapy, more specifically cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). CBT is a treatment which looks at the thought processes and aims to change negative, irrational thinking into more positive, realistic though processes, therefore resulting in positive personality c hanges and outlook on life. CBT has been proven very successful with a success rate of over 50% for anxiety sufferers and just one course of CBT can lead to 12 months free of depression (Economics, 2006). Practitioners of CBT can claim they are therefore offering NICE approved treatments and charge a lot more fees because of this whereas other general therapists and counsellors cannot despite the fact that there has been no sufficient evidence that CBT is more effective than other therapies even though some therapies are much more effective than others (Mollon, 2010). Clinical psychologists and therapy. Clinical psychologists seem to dislike being referred to as ‘therapists’ or those who provide therapy. Eysenck (1940) was the first clinical psychologist in Britain and he attacked one form of therapy – psychotherapy; â€Å"It is our belief that training in therapy is not, and should not be, an essential part of the clinical psychologist’s training, that clinical psychology demands competence in the fields of diagnosis and/or research, but that therapy is something essentially alien to clinical psychology, and that if it is considered desirable on practical grounds that psychologists perform therapy, a separate discipline of Psychotherapist should be built up to take its place alongside that of Clinical Psychologist. Despite Eysenck’s view of this form of therapy, Smith (1977) carried out a study of clinical psychology looking at psychotherapy and found that it is effective, â€Å"someone chosen at random from the experimental group after therapy had a two-to-one chance of being better off on the measure examined than someone chosen at random from the control gr oup†. However the study also brought about results that slightly devalue clinical psychologists by finding that the therapy was effective regardless of the therapists academic and previous experience (PhD, no degree etc) and also the type of therapy did not affect the effectiveness either. Eysenck later developed behaviour therapy based on Pavlov’s Dog and from this cognitive behavioural therapy was formed to which clinical psychologists attacked. One clinical psychologist defined CBT as â€Å"virtually anything to anyone† therefore it is not individual specific and anyone can use it therefore devaluing clinical psychologists and also devalue the context of the patient’s experience. It has been stated that people need to be cared for and respected for and valued and not just pushed into compliant with models of ‘normality’ which are handed down by psychologists and cognitive behavioural therapists (Hussain, 2006). Why clinical psychologists are expensive. If a person goes to a therapist for help then they will talk a lot more and actually help themselves through self discovery rather than the therapist helping them directly. A clinical psychologist however, you pay for help that is specific to your needs, you gain an accurate diagnosis which can help you understand your problems and also you can be prescribed medications because clinical psychologists work in tandem with doctors and psychiatrists (Allpsychologyschools, 2011). Clinical psychologists are indeed very expensive and they are also paid a significant amount more than therapists, sometimes up to ? 100,000 they are paid if they are for example a consultant clinical psychologist. This different in salary has caused a vast amount of rivalry amongst the profession especially with those who offer psychological therapies whom believe that the pay difference is unjustified especially since a lot of the treatment and service is very similar (NIMHE, 2007). Despite some people believing the two terms are interchangeable and therapists believing they offer a very similar service, it is not necessarily true. Indeed clinical psychologists aim to reduce psychological distress as with therapists, however clinical psychologists have been through a rigorous education system to gain a much deeper understanding and knowledge which gives them the ability to work in a multidisciplinary team and also the ability to operate across a variety of therapeutic models so that a patient receives individual specific treatment tailored to them. Therapists however are trained in their specific therapy and will usually only offer this one therapy to patients. Turpin (2009) said that clinical psychologist service is dependent on a much high level of knowledge, skills and competences rather than the provision of good quality evidence based therapies and this is why they are more expensive because these skills and competences are part of the clinical psychology curriculum and training with other therapists will not come into contact with. Overall there is great controversy as to whether clinical psychologists are simply expensive therapists. Nick Serieys, a CBT therapist argued against the NICE decision to employ 10,000 new therapists, 50% of which should be clinical psychologists. He argues that there is no sufficient evidence that clinical psychologists are more effective than CBT therapists who are counsellors, occupational therapists and so on and the only different being is that they are very expensive in comparison (Hussain, 2006). In contrary, Jeremy Halstead, a lead consultant clinical Psychologist believes that clinical psychologists are rightly more expensive than other therapists, arguing that clinical psychologists offer a much better deal as therapists due to their ability to formulate problems from a variety of perspectives and theories therefore they are more flexible in their approach and can tailor more individual specific treatment (Hussain, 2006). I believe that clinical psychologists are simply just expensive therapists, but rightly so. Clinical Psychologists go through years of extensive training as previously mentioned and have a significantly greater depth of knowledge in order to work in multidisciplinary teams and to link their knowledge for diagnosis and treatment across many topics, whereas therapists are trained in how to provide an individual therapist and do now have a greater knowledge of the underlying reasons why a person may need therapy. Clinical psychologists however do have this knowledge and work with doctors in order to ensure they are prescribed the right medicines. Therefore although clinical psychologists and therapists may appear to do very similar work, clinical psychologists have a greater depth of knowledge in order to treat, diagnose and also the skills to carry out research and are very flexible compared to therapists who do have a vast amount of knowledge but in the area of just therapy. References Allpsychologyschools. (2011). Therapist vs. Psychologist. Retrieved 04 05, 2011, from All Psychology Schools: www. allpsychologyschools. com/psychology-careers/article/therapist-psychologis How to cite Are Clinical Psychologists Simply Expensive Therapists?, Essay examples

Research Paper on Terrorism and Technology Essay Example

Research Paper on Terrorism and Technology Essay Terrorism and Technology Research Paper Introduction Nowadays the problem of terror attacks is one of the most important problems that many countries of the world have to solve. Moreover, this problem gradually acquires a global character since increasingly larger number of countries is involved in the global war on terror. As a result, the contemporary world face a real threat of a global terror war that undermines stability and normal life of the whole global community. This potential threat became particularly obvious after tragic events of September 11 when the US, being the only superpower in the world, turned to be unable to prevent the most terrible terror attack in its history. More and more often terror attacks produce a larger affect on the society of definite countries where they occur as well as on the world community. This is why it is quite natural that practically all spheres of human life are affected by terror attacks and anti-terror measures. In such a situation the development of efficient anti-terror technologies is extremely important and, unfortunately a lot of countries have to develop this technology. Read more about write my essay help on terrorism topics from experts! As a result, socio-economic life is getting to be increasingly more focused on anti-terror technologies and, in this respect, business play an extremely important role since often it is dramatically affected by terror attacks and anti-terror operations, as it used to be with aircraft, tourist and many other industries worldwide after 9/11, and business, willingly or not, is getting to be involved in anti-terror struggle and has to implement new anti-terror technologies. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Terrorism and Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Terrorism and Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Terrorism and Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem of terrorism in the contemporary world and its impact on society Despite the actuality of the problem of terrorism its roots may be found in the far past of socio-political and economical development of the world and human society but in the 21st century it acquires global features. Unfortunately, globalization deteriorates the general situation in relations between rich and poor because regardless all positive trends that this process may give to the world economy but some specialists defines its general effect as the deterioration of the position of poor countries and improvement and prosperity of rich countries. Consequently, poor countries become poorer and rich become richer as a result the opposition between them growth and naturally it engenders a great tension between two polar parts of the world but if in the past the countries which felt being deprived could directly oppose their oppressors in an open war conflict now they cannot really counteract to more powerful and rich countries that makes them to look for different ways to achieve t heir goals and improve their position in the world. Obviously, this is one of the main causes of terror war. In general, terrorism may be defined as a systemic use of violence, traditionally by some illegal organizations, groups, or even some individuals that aim at the creation of a general climate of fear among the population which is supposed to become more obedient to the demands of terrorists. Usually terrorists try to achieve a definite political goal and for its sake they are ready to kill not only other innocent people but even themselves. However, it would be a mistake to think that only terrorist groups or organization support terrorism. Our history, particularly the history of the 20th century can give us a lot of examples when governments of different countries provide the policy of terror. For instance, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during the Stalin’s, practically dictatorial, totalitarian regime were extremely bloodthirsty and used terror even against the population of their own countries. But, terrorism has really become a global problem at the end of the 20th at the beginning of the 21st centuries when organized terror attacks shaken the world and after which some politicians had started to speak about a new world order. For instance, terror attacks as September 11, when as Jessica Hamblen says â€Å"the nation was forever changed†(2001: 42) as well as the whole world and the global society. Since the main cause of terrorism is the polarization of the world and the division of countries in poor and rich it is a really global problem that involves many countries. It is noteworthy that the main source of ‘human material’ for terrorist acts are poor Asian countries such as Afghanistan, Sri-Lanka, or Pakistan, numerous African countries, some countries of Latin America and others. For instance, one of the most notorious terrorist organization Jemaah Islamiah recruit poor Indonesian because the country is overwhelmed by powerlessness of ordinary people, injustice and poverty. As a result â€Å"for many poor Indonesian children†¦ the only opportunity to learn to read and write is found within the network of Muslim schools funded by Saudi Arabian organizations preaching an intolerant form of Islam† (Kortunov 1994:235). In general, among the causes of terrorism may be named: a) on the organizational level the gap between well-developed countries and countries of the third world, the consequences of the cold war; b) on the personal level, individual peculiarities of character, psychology, social and economic conditions of life of individuals. Speaking about the effect of terror acts, it is necessary to underline from the very beginning that they impacts not only individuals but also many countries and the global community at large. Numerous studies have shown that â€Å"deliberate violence creates longer lasting mental-health effects than natural disasters or accidents† (Hamblen 2001:82). Consequences of terror attacks may last for quite a long time and as it has already been mentioned they affect both individuals and community. People, particularly survived victims, their relatives or just witnesses of a tragedy may be overwhelmed by different feelings but such feelings as anger, a desire for revenge, frustration, helplessness, fear are usually the strongest. They may also be deteriorated by the feeling of injustice that people may think have been done to them. Actually, this feeling of injustice may result in all others mentioned above. It is worthy to note that the study have revealed the fact that â€Å"acting on this anger and desire for revenge can increase rather than decrease feelings of anger, guilt and distress† (Hamblen 2001:89). For instance, after September 11 the rate of psychological and mental health problems dramatically increased. Thus, a psychological result of any terror attack is shock, growing tension, loss of confidence in the security of life, fear and a strong feeling of injustice. However, it was not the only consequence of this terror attack. As Smith and some others researchers estimate â€Å"over a year after the bombing, Oklahomans reported increased rates of alcohol use, smoking, stress, and PTSD symptoms as compared to citizens of another metropolitan city† (1999:194). So, we may say that the terror attack had not only psychological but social and economic effect because psychological problems cause problems of interpersonal relations, it influences the working abilities of people. As for alcohol use and smoking it deteriorates mental and physical health that is naturally results in problems within families and on the working place, furthermore the threat of antisocial behavior of people who smoke or use alcohol becomes quite real. Moreover, it is important to underline that the consequences of terror attacks are really global because of the development of media and integration of many countries there is practically no room where such terror attac ks as September 11 remained unnoticed and without its negative effects. Moreover, the US is not the only country that suffered from terrorists. Practically, the same consequences we may observe in Indonesia after the bombing of Jakarta’s Marriott Hotel, or recent terror acts in Madrid that are often compared to September 11 in the US, and the list may be continued. It is also worthy to note that terror attack produce a serious negative economic effect. For instance the September 11 terror attacks caused a profound recession of American economy at large and a serious crisis in some industries in particular. To put it more precisely, aircraft industry and travel industry were in a profound crisis because of a total fear of customers to use airlines as well as because of increased norms of security which limited dramatically personal rights and freedom and created a number of inconveniences for passengers that traditionally used airlines. As for the more recent examples, London Underground bombing also provoked panic among the local population and fo r a certain period practically paralyzed the work of the underground railway stations and, consequently, affected the work of numerous companies operating in London whose work depended on a traditionally normal functioning of the tube. Current measures of prevention of terror attacks Naturally, the states which were exposed to the threat of terror attacks could not remain passive and had to undertake efficient measures of prevention of further terror attacks and provide possibly higher level of security of civil population. At this point it is worthy to note that different states have different experience in the field of security and in the development of anti-terror technologies. However, in the contemporary world there is practically no state that could feel really secure before the threat of terrorism this is why the wide implementation of technologies which increase anti-terrorist security of civilians is of a paramount importance. At the same time, speaking about the states-leaders in the field of anti-terror technologies it is possible to say that Israel is one of the most advanced states because this country has born the burden of terrorist threat since the middle 20th century till the present moment. Naturally, the experience of Israel in the sphere of anti-terrorist technologies is very important and may be borrowed by other states facing similar threats. It is also necessary to underline that business is closely involved into the development of anti-terrorist technologies in Israel as well as in any other state. Speaking about the experience of Israel in the field of anti-terror technologies, it should be said that as a rule targets of terror attacks are private companies, including cafes, restaurants, as well as transport and infrastructure. In fact, terrorists may target at any object which can result to a serious public disorder and panic and numerous casualties. Facing the threat of terror attacks, many Israeli companies increased the level of their security by means of improving the technologies of surveillance over the territories surrounding offices or buildings belonging to them, including parking spots. Among the most recent trends, a particular attention should be given to the security of Israeli transport, notably buses. A few years ago, there was developed a special technology aiming at the beating bus bombers since in 2000s buses became one of the most preferable targets for terror attacks in Israel. The basic reason for such a choice of terrorists is the high efficiency of terror attacks causing numerous casualties among civil population spreading panic and terror among ordinary citizens before the threat of terrorism. In fact, the anti-terrorist system developed in Israel is quite simple and it actually provides a bus driver to block any individual he considers to be suspicious by hitting a red button to close a turnstile. Obvious ly, this system seems to be rather simple but still it may be quite efficient but only on the condition of a high attention from the part of a driver who should actually play the role of security services in distinguishing a terrorist among the passengers. Naturally, such a system is not perfect and is justly criticized by many specialists because, firstly, it creates certain inconveniences for passengers since they can hardly presuppose whom the driver may consider suspicious. Secondly, the driver himself should be very attentive but often he cannot physically dispel his attention by surveying the surrounding people and the situation on the road. Finally, drivers apparently need some special training to define potentially dangerous individuals. In response to numerous critics, the developers of the technology indicate at the possibility to improve their invention. To put it more precisely, it is suggested to introduce new technological devices which could scan and identify individuals possessing some weapon or explosive materials and which would block such individuals automatically without the driver’s assistance. Unfortunately, Israel is only one of the countries that face the threat of terror attacks and this is a serious problem for many other states, including the USA and the UK which become the target of terrorist aggression over and over again. Not surprisingly that other states also have to develop their own systems of anti-terror protection and implement new anti-terror technologies. In this respect, the experience of the US is extremely important since the security of American airports and air lines is considered to be one of the highest in the contemporary world. It is also worthy to note that to a significant extent private companies contribute to the implementation of new anti-terror technologies because as it has been already mentioned above they suffered a serious economic crisis because of terror attacks of Spetember 11 and the following fear of customers that decreased the revenues of companies operating in aircraft industry, as well as other industries more or less relating to air transportation also demonstrated negative trends in their financial achievements. In fact, in order to improve the security of flights in the US and prevent the potential repeat of any terror attack American airports have become probably the most secure places due to high level of implementation of the most sophisticated technologies which aim at the possibly earlier detection of a potential terrorist threat. The implemented systems of scanning and control minimize the risk of a possibility to organize a terror attack in the air. In fact, due to the recent technologies and innovations implemented in airports they are nowadays considered to be fully secured. However, aircrafts and airports are not the only targets of terror attacks that affect dramatically the life of many people and normal development of different industries. As the recent events in the UK proved underground railways may be also a desirable target for terror attacks and their consequences may be also quite disastrous. In fact, London Underground turned to be practically totally unprepared for the terrible terror attacks and the current improvements are extremely important. At the same time, it is necessary to remember that it is practically impossible to provide the fully airport-style security in the underground railways because of the incomparably larger amount of passengers that pass through the tube and significant differences between airports and underground railway stations. Nonetheless, it does not necessarily mean that the security of underground railways cannot be improved. In stark contrast, it can be and currently is improved that is very important, taking into consideration the significance of underground railways for contemporary large cities. Obviously, the normal functioning of economy of certain regions and even countries may depend on the effective system of security of underground railways because the recent terror attacks in London revealed the potential danger of their malfunctioning. It is obvious that underground railway are a vitally important of infrastructure of any large city. In such a situation the experience of London Underground in implementation of new anti-terror technologies is very useful. Among the most recent technologies that are currently being implemented in London underground railways may be named X-ray screening and body scanners. It is supposed that these technological innovations would increase the security of underground railways and minimize the risk of terror attacks with the use of conventional weapon or explosives since they provide the possibility to screen for concealed weapons and traces of explosives. Obviously, the implementation of these technologies contribute to the higher level of security in underground railways. Alternatives and perspectives of present anti-terror technologies Unfortunately, the recent technological innovation mentioned above, being quite efficient at first glance are not perfect. The problems that the beating bus bombers systems currently face have already been discussed. At the same time, the improvement of underground railways security is not sufficient and cannot be always efficient. The problem is that it is practically impossible to establish total control and provide full security within underground railways. In fact, it is necessary to understand that anti-terror technologies cannot fully guarantee the security of citizens but may increase it significantly. At the same time, it is always possible to improve the existing anti-terror technologies and the general tends to automatization of anti-terror systems indicate at the main trend in the perspective development of anti-terror technologies where the risk of ‘human factor’ would be minimized. Nonetheless, till the present moment it is hardly possible to speak about the total solution of the problem of terrorism. Naturally, such a situation cannot contribute to the normal development of business and economy of many countries. It is necessary to remember that terrorism undermines socio-economic stability and creates conditions for social chaos. Moreover, terror attack often results in economic crisis that may affect either some industries or economy at large. As a result, stable socio-economic life of societies suffering from terror attack is in great danger and in such a situation the perspectives of the further implementation of new anti-terror technologies are particularly important. On the other hand, there would hardly be created any technology that could totally prevent the possibility of terror attack while the solution of the problem of terrorism prevention still remains of a paramount importance. Speaking about the solution of the problem of terrorism as a new form of war, it should be said that the problem may be solved only in a global scale. For instance, the US in response to terror attacks the country declared the War on Terror. Extremist Arab terrorist and their followers became the enemy number one for Americans as the terrorist organization Al Qaeda was declared to be the main organizer of the terror attacks. However, such measures are insufficient since in order to prevent terrorism it is necessary to prevent its causes, notably to prevent the polarization of the society and the world at large, while the War on Terror is regarded by many international specialists as the mean to pursue American aggressive policies. Obviously its effectiveness is low because violence breeds violence and probably, the authors of Human Rights Watch Report 2004 are, to certain extent, right by saying that â€Å"governments and armed groups have launched a war on global values, destroying the human rights of ordinary people† and furthermore â€Å"Amnesty International strongly condemned armed groups responsible for atrocities such as the March 11 bombing in Madrid and the bomb attack on the United Nations building in Iraq on 19 August 2003†¦ But it also frightening that the principles of international law and the tools of multilateral action which could protect us from these attacks are being unde rmined, marginalized or destroyed by powerful governments† (Parker and Fellner 2004:32; 41-42). So, now it would be logically to analyze what could be done in order to prevent further terror attacks and discuss the possible development of the War on terror. Certainly, some military operations are necessary but they should be accompanied by real attempts to deprive terrorists from their basis, from support of not only extremists-millionaires but also from the support of average people all over the world, particularly in poor country where terrorists have quite strong positions. The terrorism may be defeated only when the gap, the frontier that divides rich, well-developed countries and poor countries, which are often exploited by richer ones, disappears. As long as the current policy continues the situation could be radically changed for better because now we observe the growing dissatisfaction of deprived nations that suffer from poverty and injustice, including social inequality. Naturally, such positions provokes protests from the part of marginalized people and, being unable to improve their social and economic situation in an open war, they use methods of terror and frightening in order to achieve their goals and realize their hopes for better life for them. However, we see that such methods are unacceptable for both sides, for terrorists and for those who are their targets. That is why the US, the leading and richest country in the modern world, together with other well-developed countries should work on the problem how to overcome poverty in the whole world, particularly in the countries of the third world, as well as they should better control the spread of the newest weapon and technologies that would prevent such possible in future catastrophes as the use of dirty bomb, biological or chemical weapon. But that is the task that could be fulfilled by common efforts of all countries in the world, it also demands governments to have a certain political wil l to help the most deprived regardless some local problems that, in my personal opinion, is one of the strongest obstacles on the way to defeat terrorism. Conclusion Thus, in conclusion, it should be said that the contemporary world faces the threat of terrorism and comes prepared to protect civilians from the repeat of the most severe terror attacks and the role of anti-terror technologies is very important in this respect. At the same time, it necessary to say that the solutions mentioned above may be criticized and probably there would be much more supporters of the idea that only military operations can prevent terror war but their effectiveness are quite doubtful. At the same time, mankind cannot ignore the problem of terror attacks because nowadays it is a real war and if the solution of this problem is not found the consequences will be terrible for the global society because it is evident that terror attacks, even though they occur in some countries, effect directly the whole world and elimination of national borders and barriers between countries, spread of new technologies and media make all people of the world exposed to the effects of terror attacks as well as the spread of terrorism also acquires global character. Consequently, if the problem of terrorism is unsolved the perspective of the chaos in the whole world provoked by terror attacks is getting to be quite real. Bibliography: Beverly, A. â€Å"Talking â€Å"Terrorism†: Ideologies and Paradigms of a Post-Modern World.† Syracuse Journal of Int’l Law and Commerce, Spring 1996. DiGiovanni, C. â€Å"Domestic Terrorism with Chemical or Biological Agents: Psychiatric Aspects.† American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1999. Hamblen, J. What Are the Traumatic Stress Effects of Terrorism? New York: New Publishers, 2003. Kortunov, A. Sources of International Crises After the End of the Cold War. New York: New Publishers, 1994. Levi, M.A. â€Å"Preventing Nuclear and Biological Terrorism.† The Brooklings Institutions, Oct. 24, 2003. Parker, A. and Fellner, J. â€Å"Above the Law: Executive Power after September 11 in the United States.† World Report 2004, Human Rights Watch, Jan. 2004. Smith, D. et al. â€Å"Population Effects of the Bombing of Oklahoma City.† Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 82, 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2487843.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4434302.stmhttp://www.ishitech.co.il/oct01ar2.htm http://www.littlegreenfootballs.com/weblog/?entry=9680only